Carbureter.



CARBURETER.

APPLlcAHoN HLED 1/111.15,1912.

n I 1,168,782. Patented 35111.18, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

l M. BUCKER.

CARBUHETEH.

APPLICATION FILED 1AN.15. 1912.

Patented Jan. 18,` 1916.

IvI. BUCKEII.'

vCARBURETER. APPLICATION FILED IAN. 1 5, I9Iz.

Patented Jan. 18, 1916..

4 SHEETS--ISHE'ET 3.

iIIIIIIIP-IIIIIIIII "III M. BUCKER. y

CARBUREIER.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. l5, |912.

. Patented Jan. 18, 1916.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

"burro f errrrne ya nier orion MERLE BUCKER, OF CHICAGO, LLNIS.

CARBURETER.

i,ieacse.

Specification of Letters Patent.

rasen-teo aan. is, raie.

' application 'aiedzranuary 15,1912. serial No. 671,331.

To all f'wltom it may concern.'

`Be itlrnotvn that I, MERLE zen of the United States, residing atChicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certainneiv and useful linprovements in Calibur/eters, of which the foll lowingis a specification.

` the lowest to the The present invention relates to4 carbuv. retersforv use in vaporizing liquid fuels for of load; (3) to provide anadjustment according to tenuierature, atmosphereor grade ol fuel which,when once iliade, will suffice for all speeds of the engine (e) toprovide for the heating ol the vfuel between its point of regulation andits point of discharge into the mining chamber; and to provide a devicewhich shall be simple in construction and' e'licient and economical offuel in operation.

These several objects are attained in the two embodiments of myinvention described in the following detailed description andillustrated in the accompanying drawing, q

While the scope ofthe invention is pointed out in the appended claims.

- In the drawing, Figures 1 to6, inclusive, illustrate the first form oithe invention, and Figs. T to 11, inclusive, the second. Fig. 1 is acentral vertical section of the caroureter constitutingthe firstembodiment; Fig. 2 is a section taken on a plane indicated by the -line2-2 yol" Fig.4 1, illustrating the mechanisin for controlling theauxiliary Lair inlet; Fig. 3 is a central section of this latter'mechanism similar to that shown in Fig. 1,*but illustrating the pistonvalve Vin its uppermost position; Fig. 4l is a side elevation of saidmechanism for regulating the auxiliary air inlet; Fig. 5 is a centralvertical section oi the carbureter of Fig.4 1, taken on a plane atrightangles to thaticf the sec-l tion of Fig. 1; and Fig. 6 is a horizontalsection taken on a plane indicated by the line own of Fig. 5,illustratingI particularly the liquid fuel passages; Fie' Boonen, aciti- `nular passage ,is 'a central ven tical section of the carbureterconstituting the second -'orm of my invention; Fig. 8 is a transversesection taken on a plane indicated by the line 10--10 of Fig. 7,illustrating the mechanism for controlling the secondary air inlet; Fig.9 is a bottom view o' the second iorrn of the invention, parts beingbrokenv away and parts shown in section;

Fig. 10 is a central verticalsection of the carbureter constituting thesecond form'of the invention taken on a plane at right angles to theplane oil' section of Fig. 7; and

Fig. 11 is a horizontal section of this form ot' the invention taken ona plane indicated by the line 15`-'-'13of-Fig.A 10.-

Throughout these several figures, like characters refer to like parts.

ln the form of the'invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to V6,inclusive, 10designates the body Voli' the carbureter, which is provided with a.mixing chamber 11,' adapted 'to be placed in communication with anengine tov be supplied through a passage 12 land hav i ing a main airinlet controlled by a. valve 13, an vauxiliary air inlet controlled apis-v ton valve 1l, andv a liquid fuel supply controlled by a tapervalve 15. 'The body is provided with inner and outer Walls which form aheating jacket 16, Whichinay be supplied With hot Water, gas or theequivalent for the purpose ot' heating the liquid fuel on its passage tothe mixing chamber l1.' Suitable threaded openings v100 and 101arevprovided for connectingthe jacket 16 with a suitable sourceot suchheating fluid. A liquid' fuel reservoir 1 is located adjcent to thebody'lO and in direct communication with the fuelpassages. A float 18 isused in conjunction with a valve 19 to maintain a constant level offuelin the charm ber 17. l l The main air inlet is provided by the an-20 between the main air valve 13 and the` adjacent portions 21 of theWallj of the mixing chamber 11'. The liquid fuel inlets to the chamber11 are provided by an annular series of passages 22 communicating` ldirectly with the annular air inlet 20. The float 18'-Inaintains thelevel of the -fuel at` approximately-the height oi the discharge nectedto the valve 13 and regulates theA flow of fuel according. togthevpositionfof the llatter valve.` This is accomplished by givingthe valve15 a taper-which will best lof. suit the conditions of `operation of theparj `ticular engine' with which the carbureter is to be used.. Thisltapered portion of the valvev opens or closes more or less'fof the thernaimsteiri-l 30, which .is tapered,v as'v illusi trated,to rj'ovde thetaper valvel 15'. This lofthe lower-end of the cylinder 42.V propassage23 extending between the dash-poty v ".24 andthe cross-channel 25.'v.The latter channel communicates with the annular .channel.g26',` j fromlwhich the passages or inlets '22 eXtend upwardly tol their dischargepoints. Inj operation, heat is applied 'to the vfuel a's-it. passes.'`through these pass`ages22l by .the beam contained in the heatr latter''sin also carries the main Iair valve sov 13. "construction, th'e fdash-pot re; tards i.'tlfifel toandfroml movements of the'- stem,3 0'andits connected parts andjpro-J.

'videsaf steadier aetionjundr. the suction-of the engine.l After theannular channel' 2,6

` is. routed out, itis Aclosed by vthe -a-nnular plate 31. The channelis located in a ,.por'tion .32 of the castingwhiehv bridges the* vniainair1opening33. A boss 34, progecting-v .'downward 'fromV this bridge, isthreaded at its'lower end for the y'receptie' n ofthe .dash-v pot-24'. Acap 35 .closes the lower-V endzof 'gagement ofl oili'x-f..`

let connection 28. v

A tubular guide'37 is .formed integral Withthe bridge 32- and extendsupward from it. It is adapted to p ass inside the hollow topf-shapedvalve 13 and to engage the lower edges of the latter to guidefitsymovement. A bushing 38 isloc'ated withinl the guide 37 andcloselyengages the'stem,

I', but' leaves the latter free to'r'eciprocate within it. TheA upperend offthe valve. 13 is threaded uponthe lower end of the-sleeve39'surrounding the stem 30. The upper-v end of this sleeve is securedftothe piston valve 40 which coperates with. the slot. 41. in controllingthe admission of auxiliary air to the chamber 11. This pistonreciprocates Within thev cylinderY 42 in which the slot 41 is located.The stem 3D is threaded through a threaded opening in the sleeve '39 andis provided at its upper end 'withra .transverse slot for the engagementofl a screwdriver to adjust it, and consequently the tapenvalve 15, withreference to the Aipassage .27 Connects She .da h-p'ot withthe' outlet28`of thefu'elres- .messes main air-:valve 13 and the auxiliary air valve40.` As illustrated, the stem 3Q is reduced in diameter below. thethreads allow for assembling. The cylinder 42 fis .threaded 'at itslower endA into a cap 43 which is in turn threaded into the upperThis'leaves the portion of the cylinder 42,. which lies .below the.piston valve 40, in

the valves `13 and 40 are moved upward in 'response to. the suction ofthe engine, morev -Which engage the sleeve 39. This isl to vend of the'vcasting-"forming the body 10.'

or less .airisf admitted through the slot -formerlvviththe airfsupplycut oli and` the lattefwith- Qthe slot considerably opened.

In thisway, the valve '40, operates to vary thel ve'rti :al dimension ofthe. auxiliary air inlet.

covering sleeve 44 surrounds the .cylin-v f-derff42* andA may berotatedby-a. llitlldlev 45.. 'Infits' rotation, it rides; upon the upper faceofgthe collar 46, threaded upontheexterior fsa lar v46'. The sleeve 44is also provided with?v lay vertical slot 47 4which 'is positionedfvte.v

vregister' more or Aless,,v\'1ith theslot 41 accordance with'A themovements 'ofv they han'- dle 45, (Normally, these slotsV v41...*an'd 47preferably overlapv each other about. halfv way-,as illustrated in Fig'.2. Byfthis arrangement, it will" bev seen that the available width; 'of.they sloty4 1 may. be varied. .Thus L. .the .piston `valve40''itsoperation varies they available. length of vthe;` slot in`accordance 'with thee-operation .of the engine, f

width 'of saidslouin 're'sponsetoA the operation of handle 45.1. The lformer permitf.' an-fjA admission of airfcorrespbndingtothe enginerequirements. *The latteris usedto regulate the admission of.airinaccordlance with temperature, atmospheric andvjfuel conditions."Injjoperati'on, the 'sleeve 44 is set `and vthe-best operation of theengine fat various speeds is obtained bylshaping andI adjustingfthetaper .valve 15, and advancing the timeof opening of'piston .valveg40with ing a set opening through that -'passage which may be later Vclosedto compensate .for leakage of-airby wearvofengine, valve -the gradeoffuel, or in the c direct connection with the chamber 11( A s 12orelation to the lower edge of port 47, leav.

' incense in response to the suction of the enginewill take care of theregulation of uel and air for all other speeds. I

By meansof the collar 46, the point at which the piston valve 4() beginsto admit auxiliary air to the chamber 11 may be carefully adjusted. Thisadjustment may be made from time to time to compensate for leakage ofair at other points in the carbureter, orv in the engine. rIhisadjustment alone will suffice for the ordinary conditions of wear. Inthis Aform of the invention, a cap/4S is screwed on to the top of thecylindei1 4Q and a coiled compression spring 49 bears between it and thepiston valve 40. A set screw 50 is threaded into the cap 48 so as to setthe stem 30 against movement. This is to be used when the carburetor isemployed in operating vengines carrying a set load. In other cases, theset screw 50 is kept free from the stem 3G so that the latter mayreciprocate under the action of the engine and the restoring spring 49.In

vsome 1nstances, the spring i9 maybe omitted and the weight of the steinand connect- -ed parts relied upon. to restore it when the suction of'the engine drops oli.

The passage 12 is provided with a butterlly valve 51 by which the effectof the suction of the engine upon the valve 13 may b e regulated. Thisvalve is operated by a suitable lever like the lever 106 of the secondform of this invention. A flange 52, provided with openings 53, isarranged for `the connection of the carbureter to the engine. Insupplying 'fuel to the carbureter, the fuel supply pipe is connected tothe threaded projection 54 which is provided with a passage adapted tocommunicate with the reservoir'l?. This projection is also provided withal valve seat which cooperates with the valve 19 in the control of thesupply fuel to the reservoir. This control is brought aboutautomatically by the float 18 which is secured to one end of the lever55, iis. pivoted at an intermediate point 56 and embraces the stein 57of the valve 19- at its opposite end. This stem is provided with aknurled head 58 for convenience in adjusting it with respect to thesleeve 59 into which it is threaded. This sleeve is, in turn, providedwith a knurled head 60 for convenience in this adjustment. This sleeveis slidably mounted within a sleeve 61, which is threaded at its lowerend into engagement with the cap plate 62` ot' the reservoir 17. Inoperation, as. the fuel passes out ot the reservoir, the float settlesand, as it settles, the outer end of the lever 55 engages the sleeve 59and carries it and the valve stem upward, thereby opening the valve toallow fuel to pass into the reservoir. As the latter is lilled, thefloat 18 rises and the outer end of the lever 55 moves downward,allowing the 4valve to close by its own weight to .the movement of theparts vwhich vbeing omitted;

, more tightly.

i In` the operation of the carburetor proper, the suction of theY engineraises the main air valve 13 and air is admitted through the main airinlet 20 into the chamber 11. As it rushes through this annular openingi0, it draws out fuel from the fuel passages .22 and vaporizes it andmixes' it thoroughly with the air. This same upward movement of thevalve 13 admits auxiliary air through the slots e7 and 41 in accordancewith the position of the' piston valve L10. In this opera-tion, theamount of fuel admitted is regulated by the taper of the taper valve 15and by the adjustment oi? the auxiliary air mechanism. It will be seenthat variations -in the amountoil auxiliary air admitted willconsequently the amount of air admitted to chamber 11 through inlet Q0and theamount of fuel allowed to pass taper valve 15. The more theauxiliary air admitted, the less will be the litt of the valve 13 andthe less the admission of air through inlet 20 and of fuel past thetaper valve 15 and vice versa. In each case, the variation of fueladmission will depend, of course, upon the particular taper of the tapervalve. In practice, vthis taper is made to provide the best results fora given make of engine and the collar 46 will be adjusted so that theauxiliary air port willebe slightly open when the engine isbarely-turned over. In reaching these results, the stem 80will, ofcourse, be adjusted to bring. theA action of the taper valve into playat the right point in With the mechanism thus adjusted, it only remainsto shift the sleeve ell to regulate the auxiliary air inlet, accordingto atmospheric changes and changes in temperature or wgrade ot' i'uel.

In the second form of the invention, illusroo .trated in Figs. 7 to 11,inclusive, the general arrangement of mixing chamber and fuel and airinlets as hertofore described. In this form of the invention, therestoration of the valves to normal is dependent ,upon the weight of theparts, the spring 29 of theprevious form the fuel reservoir has thevform of an annular chamber surrounding parts ofthe-carbureter structureinstead of lbeing separate and distinct from the latter; and the fuelpasses downward past the taper valve on its way to the steadvof upwardas in the previous form. the body 10 In this forni of the invention,

is provided with a central mixing chamber 11 surrounded by a water-jacket 16', having threaded openings 100 andlOl for connection with somesuitable source @t hot gas,

` water or other fluid. The chamber 11 coinand control Vvalves is thesame mixing chamber, ni'

'Y 105 up into municates with the engine through a passage12.controlledby the butterfly valve. 51

operable by lever 1.06, as before. The chamber 11 is closed by a cap'43intowhich ,the 5 slotted cylinder 42 is screwed. Thecovering'sleeve 44rides, as before,`upon-fa collar 46" and isy prevented from being.lifted out 'of engagement with. it-by. a projection 10Q".

Itissimilarly' provided-with a handle 45. v10. Apfc'ap' 48 closes theupper .endV of this sleeve.V The piston' valve 14 is secured, asubefore, to a sleeve 39, which lcarries the main air'fvalve13 at itslower end. In this case, the.4 stern '30', lwhich isf yscrewtlfireaded y1,5into theupper end of the sleeve 39', is priovided. withv a T-shapedopening 1.03 by Vwhich'fair is admitted to the interior ofthe fl sleeve'39. `And openings 104 place the inu terior of this sleeve incommunication with the interior'of the main air valve 13. Thus,

in this form of the inventiom'air at atmospheric pressure is supplied tothe interior of the latter valve at all times. This will pre-A vent anyysuction cre-atedy within the valve 13 from drawing fuel from the passagethe interior of the valve 13 around the stem 30.-. In this form of theinvention, the'reservoir 17 is provided by a -casting which its againstthe under face of the. body 10 and fsalg'es,22",*the-course .ofthe fuelbeing from through channel. 105,',

the reservoirv 17,

vthence through thence past the [taperv val-ve,

channel 25', annular ,channel 26', and the routlet passages 22".

' -45 l'As before, the.' annular -channel 26 is 4closed bya plate 31".The upper side of the bridge 32'" i's. provided' With a tubularv guidef` 37 'into whichfthe bushing i's fitted, just c asin the previous form.Agboss 34 is also v'provided on the under side ofthebridge 32 for lthelreception of the dash-pot 24', which is provided with a capv fand ap1stonf29,

justas inthe previous form. The mechanism for controlling the' admissionof fuel to v the reservoir is the same as that of the prei vious figure,and the various parts are indicated in the'draWi-n'g bythe samereferencecharacters, except that the cap plate GEC-:rev' p aces thel somewhatdifferently shaped vcap plate 62 of the first form. In the operation ofthis forti) of the invention,

ports is the 4same as'v in the case'of the pre- 65 vious form, exceptthat in the present form a with a central opening 33 for .the

the admission of air at the main and auiiliary ports and of fuel atthefuel return spring is not provided'for returning the parts to normal.The same permanent adjustments may be made to meet the requirements ofthe engine and the same variable adjustmentsV may be Imade to meetchanging conditions of atmosphere', tem-V perature and grade ofl fuel.yIt will. be noted, however, that in this form of the invention, there isno application ofheat to the fuel after it has passed the taper valveand before it emerges into the mixing chainbei', Aas, was the case inthe lirst form of the invention. v

Although I' have illustrated two embodi- Ine/nts o f my invention, itwill be apparent that' many other changes 'and Ialterations thantho'sesuggested by these forms may be made without departing from the spiritand scope `'of the invention. L therefore, do' not wish to be limited tothe `specific forms here illustrated, but aim tocover all such changes iand alterationsbythe terms of the appended claims'. v

lVhat T claim as newl and desire to secure by Letters .Patent of theUnited States is 1. A carburetor comprising a chamber adapted tocommunicate with an engineto be supplied, said chamber having a centralopening 1n its' bottom wall, central airv valve for substantiallyclosing said opening and providing an annular air inlet passage betweenits outer surface and the inner faces of the; adjacent chambervwalls,-means for guiding said valve in its movements independently ofsaid chamber walls, liquid fuel inlets, extending through said adjacent,chamber Walls and opening into said air in'- letpassa'ge, a fuel supplypassage leading to said fuel inlets, and a taper valve for regu'- latingthefsupply of vfuel to said fuel inlets in accordance with the operationof said air va-ive.

adapted to communicate withan engine to be supplied, said chamber havingay central openingin its bottom wall, a central air valve movabledownward to substantially close said opening'hy'engaging inwardlyprojectingportions of the side walls of said chamber, said valve andprojecting portions 2'. A carburetor comprising a chamber forming anannular 4air inlet passage be- `tween them, means for guiding -saidvalvein its movements independently of said chamberwalls, liquid fuel inletsextending through said side walls into communication with said annularair inlet, a supply passage to said inlets having a 'portion directlybeneath'said central valve, and a taper valve located in said portionVof said passage'and 4operative tolregulate the supply of fuel to lsaidfuel inlets in accordance with the operation of said air valve.

3. A carbureter comprising a chamber adapted to communicate with anengine to be supplied, said chamber having avcentral y opening in itsbottom wall, a central air valve for substantially closing said openingand providingv an annularair inlet passage between its outer surface andthe inner faces of the adjacent chamber walls, means for guiding saidvalve in its movements in-V dependently of said chamber walls, liquidfuel inlets extending through said adjacent chamber 'walls and openinginto'said air inlet passage, a. fuel supply passa-ge leading to saidfuel inlets, a taper valve for regulating the supply of fuel to saidfuel inlets in .accordance with 4the operation of said vair valve, andaheating jacket ,surrounding that portion-f said chamber walls throughwhich said inlets extend. Y' A 44A, carbureter comprising ak chamberadapted to communicate with an engine to opening in its 'bottom wall, acentral airvalve movable downward to substantially "close said openingbyengaging inwardly projecting portions of the side walls of said chamber,said valve andprojecting portions formin4 'an annular air v inletpassage, between t em, means for guiding said valve in yits movementsindependently of said chamber walls, liquid fuel inlets extendingthrough said side walls into communication with said annular .air inlet,asupply Apassageto said inlets having a .portion dlrectly beneath saidcentral valve, a taper valve located in said portion ofsaid passage andoperative to regulate the supply of fuel to said fuel inlets inaccordance with .the operation of said air valve, and a heating jacketsurrounding that portion of said chamberwall's through which said inletsextend.

`5.A carbureter comprising a-casing hav-v a chamber adapted tocommunicate with an engine to be supplied and a central ver'- ticalpassage for supplying arto'said chamber from beneath, a` vertical guidesecured at its lower` end to vsaid casing and extending upward in saidvertical passage, a cenL tral vertically movable Vsuction-operate valvefitted 'over the upper. end ofsaidguide and guided thereon in itsto-.and-,fi'overtical movements, portions ofthe'peripheralwalls of saidcasing yextendingfii'iwa'rdly into the ath of movementof said valve landforming, a "cofperating-l valve f' seat therefor out- ',wardly o j fuelinlets'insald lvalve seatin positlon to ."said valve, a plurality'T ofliquid be substantially closed'by said valve when .copies of thin patentmay be obtained zur -valve fitted over the upper end of said guide andguided thereon in its to-and-fro vertical movements, `portions oftheperipheral walls of said casing extendingy inwardly into the path ofvmovement of said valve and forming a coperating valve seat therefor'outwardly of said valve', a plurality of liquid fuel inlets saidvalveseat in position to be substantlally closed by said valve when thelatter is in its lowermost position, a lfuel Vsupply passage in the bodyof the casing leading to said fuel inlets, and means for regulating theamount of fuel issuing from saidin ets.

. 7. A carbureter comprising a casing having a chamber adapted tocommunicate with an engine to be supplied and a central very ticalpassage for supplying air to'said chamber from beneath, a vertical guidesecured at its lower end to said 'casing and extending upward in saidvertical passage, a central vertically movable suctionoperated valveitted over the upper end of said guide and guided thereon in itsto-and-fro vertical movements, portions of the peripheral wallsl of saidcasing extendingl inwardlyl into the -path of movement of said valve"and formv ing a coperating valve seat therefor outwardly of said valve,a plurality of liquid fuel inlets in said valve seat in position to besubstantially closed by said valve when the latter is in its lowermostposition, a fuel supply passage for said fuel inlets traversing portionsof saidy casing, and a taper' 'valve secured to said first mentionedvalveV d `andextending down through said guide into c' l perativerelation with `the walls of the supp passage therein to vary theflowznfrough said passage.

In witness whereof, hereunto subscribe my name this 13th day of January,1912.

' Y MERLE BUCKER. Witnesses: 'j

T. H. FERGUSON CAROLYN VVEBeR.r

ve cents each, by addressing. the Uommisaioneof Patents, Wumntom. 0.

